Morocco’s Oldest Imperial City - Fes & The Medina

When people think of Morocco, cities like Tangier, Casablanca, or Marrakech often come to mind. However, Fes holds a unique distinction as the country’s political, cultural, and spiritual capital. Founded in 789 by the first sultan of the Idrisid dynasty, Fes is Morocco's oldest imperial city. It flourished during the 13th and 14th centuries, replacing Marrakech as the capital, and went on to serve as the capital multiple times throughout its history.

Although the political capital moved to Rabat in 1912, Fes has retained its identity as Morocco’s cultural and spiritual heart.

The city is divided into three main sections, each offering a distinct experience. The medieval Medina (Old City) is a labyrinth of narrow streets and alleyways, one of the best-preserved old towns in the Arab-Muslim world, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Mellah, or Jewish Quarter, reflects the city’s diverse historical influences, while Ville Nouvelle (New Town) continues to grow and modernize.

For an authentic Moroccan experience, visiting a traditional riad is a must. These beautifully restored homes, often featuring courtyards and intricate tilework, serve as restaurants and boutique hotels. I had an great dinner experience at Riad Salem Fes and stayed at Riad El Yacout—both offering an immersive glimpse into Morocco’s rich heritage.

This is what caught my eye; I hope you enjoy!

Two of the reasons medinas were built with narrow streets and walkways because it was easier to defend against attackers moving in single file, and the shade from the surrounding buildings helped keep the area cool.

Inside a bathroom of a former riad.

A view of the tight walkways throughout the Medina.

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The ancient section of the Medina of Fes preserves numerous monumental buildings, and one of the most extensive and best conserved historic towns of the Arab-Muslim world.

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The Medina (old city) of Fes was named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1981.

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The beautiful ceiling inside a former riad which has now been converted to a restaurant where we had lunch in the Medina.

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The two most popular occupations in the Jewish sector is dentist and jeweler.

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The ancient marketplace with artisans displaying their wares in the stalls of the souks.

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The people of Morocco will consider you cheap if you do not serve your guests meat.

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Items for sale also include delicious treats.

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The narrow, winding alleys, known as "derbs," are a sensory feast, filled with the sights, sounds, and aromas of traditional craftsmanship.

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The next few images were taken inside a former riad where they now display and sell traditional Moroccan carpets.

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Looking out over the old city of Fes from a hilltop.

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This shows a section of the massive city wall surround the old city of Fes.

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The next several images are from the University of al-Qarawiyyin is the oldest university in the world. Originally founded as a mosque in 859.

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This is a vent that is part of the extensive underground tunnel system throughout Fes.

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In the Jewish cemetery you cannot be buried here with a tattoo or an artificial part.

Children under 13 years of age were buried here with no name on the grave.

When Mohammed V of Morocco was commanded to round up all Moroccan Jews for relocation to Nazi concentration camps, he said "There are no Jews in Morocco. There are only Moroccan subjects." Not a single Moroccan Jew was deported or killed during WWII.

Inside the Nejjarine Museum of Wooden Arts & Crafts which originally built as a fondouk in 1711. A fondouk was a lodging house for travelers and their animals.

You would not be able to see a person’s wealth from the home exteriors in Fes Medina. They all looked the same, this was done as a respect for their neighbor.

The Fes medina does have a modern rooftop restaurant & bar.

The interior of Riad El Yacout.

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The main gates of the Royal Palace of the King of Morocco in the city of Fez.

The interior of Riad Salem.

Skilled craftsmen work in the ancient tanneries, where the air is thick with the scent of leather and the process of tanning hides.

What you should know:

• Morocco currency is the Moroccan Dirham.

• Tipping is not generally expected, but feel free to leave extra when you receive exceptional service.

• You will need a valid passport and a travel power adapter if you are from the United States.

• There are hiking and nature trails nearby.

• There is a Moroccan tradition of drinking mint tea, often served in pretty glasses.

• There are quite a few restaurants.

• Morocco is a budget-friendly destination.

• Restrooms are available in some shops and restaurants.

• Many public bathrooms in Morocco will ask for a few dirhams to use it.

• You could spend anywhere from a couple of hours to a couple days exploring here.

• Throughout Morocco, bargaining is a common practice. Always bargain for the best price.

• Alcohol is not served in all restaurants or hotels.

• The primary languages spoken in Fes are Arabic Berber, and French, with English also widely spoken.

• The Islamic call to daily prayers can be heard five times a day delivered from a minaret and can be heard across neighborhoods as a reminder. The Moroccan authorities generally do not enforce the act of praying, it is left to the individuals showing the balance between cultural and religious traditions and personal freedom.

• Crossing a street can be very challenging in all of Morocco.

For more information: Fes, Morocco

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